For instance, when using Google Web search, you may find non-peer-reviewed papers and non-indexed manuscripts, which likely will have less reliability. Pay close attention to the journal in which papers appear. You can filter the search by year, subject type (human or animal), article type (trials, review), etc. Unlike a general Google web search, Pubmed Clinical Queries and Google Scholar perform very well, though different users will have different preferences. Tactics are described elsewhere, but one should explore different tools such as OVID, Pubmed, and Google Scholar. The literature search is a crucial feature of practicing EBM. One, two, or a handful of papers cannot establish a new standard of care thus, one must always exercise caution in rushing to adopt practices gleaned from limited evidence that may prove false in subsequent research. One main distinction involves whether a study describes a quality improvement project (measuring adherence to the current standard of care) or presenting new data (potential changes to the standard of care). This chapter focuses on the practical aspects of reading a paper. Other StatPearls chapters cover different types of studies (retrospective, prospective, cohort, case-control, blinded, epidemiologic, etc.). The fundamental skill in evaluating the results of a literature search is understanding and interpreting a scientific paper. The first step in answering a question about clinical management (and the first step in embarking upon one’s own research) is searching for the existing literature on a topic.
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